Phol

1.

Change|Name of organ|

Amino acids to urea|(liver)|

Diploid cell to haploid cell |ovary/ testis/gonads/eq;|

Glycogen to glucose |liver;|

Haemoglobin to oxyhaemoglobin |lung/placenta;|

High level of urea in blood to low level of urea in blood |kidney;|

Thick lining to a thin lining, once a month|uterus/womb/eq;|

[5]

2. (a) (i) X – valve; 1

(ii) arrow to right (inside or outside diagram); 1

(b) (i) easier to see/nearer to surface/bigger lumen/idea/ easier to

penetrate/less pressure/thinner (wall)/bleed less afterwards/straight

to heart/ORA/eq; 1

(ii) An explanation to include two from:

1. (being attacked by) bacteria/pathogens/microbes/antigens/eq;

[Reject germs]

2. killed/digest/fight/kill infection/eq;

3. antibiotic/eq;

4. quick response/eq;

[if mentioned in parts (ii) and (iii), only credit ONCE]

5. patient’s own system cannot cope/eq; 2

[Reject attacked by viruses]

(iii) An explanation to include two from:

1. diabetic/eq;

2. regulates/reduces (blood) sugar/allows glucose into cells/liver/so that

glycogen can be made in the liver/eq;

3. because the patient’s pancreas does not work properly/cannot make

own insulin/own insulin ineffective/eq;

4. quick response/eq;

[if mentioned in parts (ii) and (iii), only credit ONCE] 2

(iv) pain killer/reduce pain/eq; 1

[8]

3.

process|substance linked with the process|

development of healthy bones|(calcium)|

digestion of starch|amylase/saliva/carbohydrase;|

repair of uterus lining|oestrogen/amino acids/protein;|

decrease in blood glucose level|insulin;|

development of male secondary sexual characteristics|testosterone;|

[4]

4. (a) (i) 37.1; 1

(ii) 14/15; 1

(iii) thermometer; 1

(b) (i) oestrogen; 1

(ii) (in the) blood; 1

(iii) Any two from:

· enlarged breasts;

· body shape eg hips widen;

· lack of facial hair;

· high voice; 2

(iv) for embryo to implant/placenta to establish/to allow fetus

to...