Unit 3

Joshua Dixon

Option 2 Unit 2

This lesson was about chemical organization, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids: and cell structure. Levels of chemical organization are atom, elements, molecules, and compounds. Carbohydrates are primary source of chemical energy. It compounds containing the elements of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. There are three different type of lipids they called Triglycerides, Cholesterol and Phospholipids. Triglycerides are useful in storing energy in cells. Phospholipids form the foundation for the cell membrane. Cholesterol is uses to make hormones. It is a steroid lipid. Amino acids are used to make proteins. Proteins contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Amino acids contain nitrogen. There are two types of protein structural and functional. Nucleic acids consist of nucleotide units, which are DNA and RNA. They direct the formations of structural and functional proteins. They also direct overall body structure and function.

Cell Structure

Plasma membrane- is a phospholipid bilayer studded with proteins. It serves as the boundary of the cell.

Ribosomes - are tiny particles made up of RNA

Endoplasmic reticulum – membranous network of interconnected canals and sacs.

Golgi apparatus – stack of flattened, membranous sacs.

Mitochondria – capsule containing a large, folded membrane encrusted with enzymes. Power-house.

Lysosomes – bubble of enzymes used for digestion.

Centrioles – pair of hallow cylinders for cell reproduction.

Cilia – short hair like extensions on surface of cell to help the cell move.

Flagella – single and much longer projection like a tail to also help the cell move.

Nucleus - Double membrane, spherical envelope containing DNA

Nucleoii – dense region of the nucleus.