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Chapter 5

Tissues

2. Define tissue.

A tissue is a group of cells performing a specialized structural or functional role.

3. Name the four major types of tissue found in the human body.

The four major tissue types are epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous.

4. Describe the general characteristics of epithelial tissues.

Epithelial tissues cover the body surfaces, cover and line internal organs, and compose glands. Because they cover the surfaces of all cavities and hollow organs, they always have a free surface (one exposed to the outside or having an open space). Epithelial tissues always anchor to connective tissue by a noncellular layer called the basement membrane. Generally epithelial tissues lack blood vessels. Epithelium reproduces readily and heals quickly. They are tightly packed with little intercellular material. Because of this, they serve as excellent barriers. Other functions include secretion, absorption, excretion, and sensory reception.

5. Distinguish between simple epithelium and stratified epithelium.

Simple epithelium occurs as a single cell or a single sheet of cells. Stratified epithelium consists of layers of cells.

6. Explain how the structure of simple squamous epithelium provides its function.

Simple squamous epithelium consists of a single layer of think, flattened cells. These fit together like floor tiles and the nuclei are broad and thin. Substances diffuse easily through this tissue. Because of this, simple squamous epithelium lines the alveoli of the lungs, forms the walls of capillaries, lines the insides of blood vessels, and covers the membranes that line body cavities. Because it is so thin, simple squamous epithelium is damaged easily.

7. Name an organ that includes each of the following tissues, and give the function of the tissue.

a. Simple squamous epithelium—Found in the walls of capillaries; it functions to allow the exchange of oxygen and waste products between the blood...