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3.1 Organic Molecules

1. Distinguish between organic and inorganic molecules.

Organic-contains atoms of carbon and hydrogen

Inorganic-does not contain carbon and hydrogen.

2. Recognize the importance of functional groups in determining the chemical properties of an organic molecule. It is a specific combination of bonded atoms that always has the same chemical properties and therefore always reacts in the same way, regardless of the particular carbon skeleton to which it is attached.

3.2 The Biological Molecules of the Cells

1. Summarize the categories of carbohydrates and provide examples of their diverse biological functions.

They are almost universally used as an immediate energy source. They may exist either as saccharide monomers or as polymers of saccharides. Monosaccharides are also known as simple sugars. It can have a carbon backbone consisting of three to seven carbons. Glucose, with 6 atoms has a molecular formula of C6H12O6. Ribose and deoxyribose are significant because they are found in the nucleic acids RNA and DNA. Disaccharide contains two monosaccharides linked together by a dehydration synthesis reaction. Polysaccharides are polymers of monosaccharides. They cannot easily pass through the plasma membrane and are kept within the cell.

2. Summarize the categories of lipids and provide examples of their diverse biological functions.

They are very diverse and they have varied structures and function. Fats such as bacon fat, lard, and butter and oils such as corn oil, olive oil, and coconut oil are some well-known lipids. Because three long fatty acids are attached to the glycerol molecule, fats and oils are called triglycerides. Unsaturated fatty acids have double bonds. Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds.

3. Summarize the variety of protein types and provide examples of their diverse biological functions. They are of primary importance in the structure and function of cells. Some proteins are structural proteins. Example:...