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MODELS OF

ABNORMALITY

Chapter 2

1

QUESTIONS?

 About class so far?

 About biological, psychodynamic, or behavioral

models?

Operant conditioning vs. classical conditioning

2

COGNITIVE MODEL

Cognitive processes

(e.g., understanding,

thinking) are at the

center of psychological

health and

psychopathology

What causes abnormal

functioning?

3

COGNITIVE MODEL:

COGNITIVE DISTORTIONS

Several kinds of faulty thinking

 Dichotomous thinking or

All-or-Nothing thinking

 Jumping to Conclusions

 Overgeneralization

 Magnification and minimization

 Catastrophising

 “Should” statements

 Mind reading

 Emotional Reasoning

 Disqualifying the Positive

Consider the validity and/or utility of thoughts

4

COGNITIVE THERAPIES

 Cognitive Model: thoughts, feelings, behaviors

 Beck’s Cognitive Therapy

 The goal of cognitive therapy - help clients

recognize and restructure their thinking

5

COGNITIVE MODEL

Strengths:

 Very broad appeal

 Clinically useful &

effective

 Focuses on a uniquely

human process

 Correlation between

symptoms and

maladaptive cognition

Weaknesses:

 The precise role of

cognition is still

unknown

 Singular, narrow focus

 Limited effectiveness

 Verification of cognition

is difficult

 Research-based

6

THE HUMANISTIC-EXISTENTIAL MODEL

Broader dimensions of

human existence

Humanist: optimistic view of

human nature

 We are driven to self-actualize

Existentialist: humans have

total freedom & responsibility

 Emphasize self-determination,

choice, & personal

responsibility

HUMANISTIC THEORY & THERAPY

Carl Rogers

Basic human need: unconditional positive regard

 If received, leads to unconditional self-regard

 If not, leads to “conditions of worth”

 Incapable of self-actualization because of distortion – don’t

know what they really need, etc.

HUMANISTIC THEORY & THERAPY

 Rogers’ “client-centered” therapy...