Submitted by: Submitted by Chevybeat
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Category: Other Topics
Date Submitted: 11/19/2011 12:14 PM
GLOBAL & MACRO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
ROLSTON FERNANDES ROLSTON FERNANDES
INFLATION
• Inflation Rate: Rate of change in Consumer Inflation Rate: Rate of change in Consumer Price Index over given period of Time I = Current CPI – Last Period CPI I = Current CPI Last Period CPI Last Period CPI
UNEMPLOYMENT
• Frictional: Economic changes prevent Frictional: Economic changes prevent matching qualified workers with job openings • Structural: Unemployed workers do not have Structural: Unemployed workers do not have the skills to match newly created jobs • C li l R Cyclical: Recession phase of business cycle, i h fb i l economy producing at less than capacity
LABOUR DEMAND & SUPPLY LABOUR DEMAND & SUPPLY
A firm’s demand for labour is increased by – 1. Increase in price of the firm’s output 2. Increase in price of a productive input that is a substitute for labour substitute for labour 3. Decrease in price of a productive input that is a complement to labour The supply of labour is influenced by – 1. Substitution effect: Increase in wage rate causes workers to substitute labour hours for leisure hours workers to substitute labour hours for leisure hours 2. Income Effect: Increase in income increases worker’s demand for leisure
MONETARY & FISCAL POLICIES
MONEY, THE PRICE LEVEL AND INFLATION
The goals of the Central Bank are – 1. Keep inflation low 2. Promote economic growth and full employment 3. Smooth business cycles 3 Smooth business cycles Central Bank targets the Overnight Rates Balance Sheet of the Central Bank ‐ 1. Assets: Government Securities, Gold and Foreign Deposits, and loans to Banks 2. Liabilities: Reserve Notes / Currency , Reserves on y Deposits
CENTRAL BANK POLICY TOOLS CENTRAL BANK POLICY TOOLS
1. 2. 1. 2. 1. 2. 3. Open Market Operations: Most Often used RBI buys government securities for Cash Reserves Increase Money Supply Increases Selling Securities decreases the Money Supply...