Business Research

APA REFERENCE STYLE

American psychological association (APA) format is a standard set of conventions for formatting manuscripts. It contains detailed instructions for in-text citation references, references lists, pagination, margins, hierarchy of subheadings, running heads, etc. It has been adapted across a large number of disciplines.

The APA reference style is briefly explained below:

REFERENCE LIST:

At the end of the assignment, A bibliographic information is required for each source cited in text. References must be listed in alphabetical order by author, and then chronologically.

Remember when citing from a secondary source, list only the secondary source in which you found the original information, and do not list the primary source in the reference list.

IMPORTANT POINTS TO REMEMBER:

* Start the list of references on a new page at the end of your assignment.

* Do not use footnotes for referencing (Publication Manual, p.37).

* References should use hanging indent format.

HOW TO FORMAT REFERENCES:

BASIC FORMATS:

Each reference type (e.g. Book, Journal) has a standardized format.

BOOK AND BOOK CHAPTER:

Each reference should include four elements such as Author/Editor/Producer, Date, Title of the work and Publication Information.

For Example: Author, A., & Author, B. (Year). Title of the work. Place name: Publisher.

ELECTRONIC BOOKS:

If the item is available online, a retrieval statement or Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

is required after title. Exclude publication information.

For Example: Author, A., & Author, B. (Year). Title of the work.. Retrieved from http://...

Author, A., & Author, B. (Year). Title of the work.. doi: xx-xxxxxxx

A CHAPTER IN A BOOK:

When a book consists of many chapters written by different authors, reference each chapter you used.

For Example:

* Author, A., & Author, B. (Year). Chapter title. In A. Editor, B. Editor, & C. Editor (Eds.), Title of the book...