Fluid Mechanics

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Fluid Mechanics Laboratory Report

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SAEED EL-ZAEMEY STUDENT ID (15506577)

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Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION 4

BACKGROUND 4

Reynolds Number 4

Laminar Flow 4

Transitional Flow 5

Turbulent Flow 6

Friction Factor 6

Moody Chart 7

Velocity Profile 7

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 8

Water Manometer Readings (Readings 1-12) 8

Mercury Manometer Readings (Readings 13-30) 9

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES FOR WATER, MERCURY AND PIPES 10

SAMPLE CALCULATIONS 10

Calculating Flow Rate Q: 10

Calculating Cross-Sectional Area: 10

Calculating Velocity V: 11

Hydraulic Gradient 11

Water manometer: 11

Mercury manometer: 11

Reynolds Number: 11

Friction factor, f: 12

Laminar flow (Re < 2100): 12

Turbulent flow (Re >4000): 12

DATA COLLECTON AND RESULTS 13

Water Manometer Readings 13

Mercury Manometer Readings 13

Result sheet 14

Discussion 15

Conclusions 19

References 20

Appendix 21

INTRODUCTION

Pipe flow throughout pipes under pressure is a phenomenon frequent to many engineering practices. The report describes and studies the behavior of water flow through pipes by analyzing the various regions where the flow is laminar, turbulent and transitional. It also provides information related to the resistance faced by the fluid in the form of a friction factor. Last but not least the report discusses the relevance of Reynolds number and its application in determining whether the fluid has laminar, turbulent or transitional flow behavior. The report also compares and contrasts the values obtained to the Moody chart as an alternate form of characterizing fluid flow.

BACKGROUND

Reynolds Number

Reynolds Number can be defined as the ratio measuring the inertial forces to the viscous forces that exist in the flow field and is dimensionless. This in turn measures the importance of these forces in different flow conditions. Laminar, turbulent and transitional flows are differentiated using this number. The...