Asdas

The Self and significant Others

Self search in value system

2 process of value system

Socialization process-which the individual learns the particulars of his own culture

Developmental- in which the individual capacity for moral reasoning about moral questions grows apace with his intellectual growth

Values is acquired in process of surviving and fulfillment of needs: to belong , and be loved , to achieve and to be secure in a readymade culture

Culture enables the individual to make his own conception of how the world is and how he should conduct himself in it.

Piaget and Kohlberg elucidate on the second process by identifying stages, two (restraint and co-operation)for Piaget and six for Kohlberg.

Kohlberg are the following (Ganguli, Mehrotra and Melinger, 1981)

Preconventional-Level

1. Punishment and obedience orientation Child

2. Instrument- relational orientation (satisfies one’s needs and occasionally others)

Conventional level

3. Interpersonal sharing orientation (good boy-nice girl)

9 years

4. social-maintenance orientation (law and order)

Middle or late adolescence

Principled Level

5. Social contract, human rights and welfare orientation

Later in life

6. Universal ethical principle orientation

Very few people reach this

Criticism, hostility, fear, pity, ridicule , jealousy, and shame negative affective environment of the child. Condemnation, fighting, apprehension, felling sorry for himself, shyness, enviousness and felling guilt are the consequences.

Encouragement, tolerance, praise, acceptance, approval, recognition, sharing, honesty and fairness, friendliness and serenity are conducive to the formation of values like self-confidence, patience, appreciativeness, love, liking himself, having a goal, generosity, truth and justice faith in himself, optimism and peace of mind.

Kay (1975) prerequisites to values formation with the following questions:

1. Who am I?

2. What am I really like?

3. How must I behave?

4....