Geneic and Founder Effect

As we have learned that population bottlenecks occur when a population’s size is reduced for at least one generation. Because genetic drift acts more quickly to reduce genetic variation in a small population, undergoing a bottleneck can reduce a population’s genetic variation a lot even if the bottleneck doesn’t last for many generations. Founder effects occur when a new colony is started by a few members of the original population. The small population size means that the colony may have reduced genetic variation from the original population, and non-random samples of the genes are in the original population. A Bottle neck effect is when a genetic drift occurs and a severe reduction in population size is affected as a result from natural disasters, predation, or habitat reduction. This causes a severe reduction of the total genetic diversity of the original gene pod. In Bottleneck effect the consequences of that you may encounter are size reductions, loss of genetic variation, populations reduced, and also the ability of the population being able to survive due to selecting environmental changes such as climate change or a shift in available resources are reduced. Depending on the causes of the bottleneck the survivors may be the fit individual while improving the traits within the gene pool while shrinking it. Also a different bottleneck occurs if a small group becomes reproductively separated from the main population, such as the founder effect. Founder effect is the loss of genetic variation that occur a new population is established by a very small number of individuals from a large population. As a result of the loss of genetic variation the new population may be distinctively different, both genotypic ally, and phenotypically from the parent population where it comes from. In extreme cases the founder effect is to lead to the speciation and subsequent evolution of new species. The founder effect also occurs when a small group of migrants that is not...