Sun Microsystems

Sun

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This article is about the star. For other uses, see Sun (disambiguation).

The Sun |

The Sun in visible wavelength with filtered white light on 8 July 2014. Characteristic limb darkening and numerous sunspots are visible. |

Observation data |

Mean distance

from Earth | 1.496×108 km

8 min 19 s at light speed |

Visual brightness (V) | −26.74[1] |

Absolute magnitude | 4.83[1] |

Spectral classification | G2V |

Metallicity | Z = 0.0122[2] |

Angular size | 31.6–32.7′[3] |

Adjectives | Solar |

Orbital characteristics |

Mean distance

from Milky Way core | ≈ 2.7×1017 km

27200 light-years |

Galactic period | (2.25–2.50)×108 a |

Velocity | ≈ 220 km/s (orbit around the center of the Milky Way)

≈ 20 km/s (relative to average velocity of other stars in stellar neighborhood)

≈ 370 km/s[4] (relative to the cosmic microwave background) |

Physical characteristics |

Equatorial radius | 696342±65 km[5]

109 × Earth[6] |

Equatorial circumference | 4.379×106 km[6]

109 × Earth[6] |

Flattening | 9×10−6 |

Surface area | 6.09×1012 km2[6]

12000 × Earth[6] |

Volume | 1.41×1018 km3[6]

1300000 × Earth |

Mass | (1.98855±0.00025)×1030 kg[1]

333000 × Earth[1] |

Average density | 1.408 g/cm3[1][6][7]

0.255 × Earth[1][6] |

Center density (modeled) | 162.2 g/cm3[1]

12.4 × Earth |

Equatorial surface gravity | 274.0 m/s2[1]

27.94 g

27542.29 cgs

28 × Earth[6] |

Escape velocity

(from the surface) | 617.7 km/s[6]

55 × Earth[6] |

Temperature | Center (modeled): 1.57×107 K[1]

Photosphere (effective): 5778 K[1]

Corona: ≈ 5×106 K |

Luminosity (Lsol) | 3.846×1026 W[1]

≈ 3.75×1028 lm

≈ 98 lm/W efficacy |

Mean radiance (Isol) | 2.009×107 W·m−2·sr−1 |

Age | ≈4.6 billion years[8][9] |

Rotation characteristics |

Obliquity | 7.25°[1]

(to the ecliptic)

67.23°

(to the galactic plane) |

Right ascension

of North pole[10] | 286.13°

19 h 4 min 30 s |

Declination

of North pole | +63.87°...