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Chapter 5 Homework

key

1. Discuss what the formation of all macromolecules from smaller units has in common.

½ pt – All are made by the same reaction, dehydration synthesis or condensation reaction.

2. Identify what function group monosaccharides have in abundance. Describe what properties

this functional group give these molecules. 1 pt total

½ pt – they have multiple hydroxyl groups ½ pt – the molecules are hydrophilic

Note – carbonyl groups are only 1 per sugar and are only weakly hydrophilic.

3. Identify the two “types” of monosaccharides and discuss how they differ in structure.

1 ½ pts total ½ pt each – Aldose and Ketose ½ pt – in the position of the carbonyl group.

4. Both carbohydrates and lipids are built of C,H,O. Discuss how you can tell them apart by just

looking at their formulas. 1 pt total

½ pt – by the C:O ratio, ½ pt - which is 1:1 in carbohydrates and C>O in lipids

5. Cellulose and starch are both made of repeating units of glucose. Discuss what is different

about their structure that gives them such different chemical properties.

½ pt – Starch is made of α glucose and cellulose is made of β glucose. They are isomers that

differ in the position of the –OH on carbon 1.

6. Lipids do not have a common chemical structure. Discuss why they are grouped together into

a class of macromolecules.

½ pt – they are all hydrophobic.

7. Contrast and compare the structure of a fat, an oil and a phospholipid. 1 ½ pts total

½ pt - fats have saturated fatty acids,

½ pt - oils have unsaturated fatty acids

½ pt - phospholipids have one of the three fatty acids replaced with a phosphate containing

group.

8. Identify and describe the four levels of protein structure.

½ pt name, ½ pt description, 4 pts total

Primary – order of AA in the chain

Secondary – H bonds between atoms of the...