Crisius

Barometer

Schematic drawing of a simple mercury barometer with vertical mercury column and reservoir at base

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Old barometers from the Musée des Arts et Métiers, Paris

Goethe's device

Barometer from the 1890s

A barometer is a scientific instrument used in meteorology to measure atmospheric pressure. Pressure tendency can forecast short term changes in the weather. Numerous measurements of air pressure are used within surface weather analysis to help find surface troughs, high pressure systems and frontal boundaries.

Barometers and pressure altimeters (the most basic and common type of altimeter) are essentially the same instrument, but used for different purposes. An altimeter is intended to be transported from place to place matching the atmospheric pressure to the corresponding altitude, while a barometer is kept stationary and measures subtle pressure changes caused by weather. The main exception to this is ships at sea, which can use a barometer because their elevation does not change. Due to the presence of weather systems, aircraft altimeters may need to be adjusted as they fly between regions of varying normalized atmospheric pressure.

Contents

* 1 History

* 2 Types

* 2.1 Water-based barometers

* 2.2 Mercury barometers

* 2.3 Vacuum pump oil barometer

* 2.4 Aneroid barometers

* 2.5 Barographs

* 2.6 MEMS Barometers

* 2.7 More unusual barometers

* 3 Applications

* 4 Compensations

* 4.1 Temperature

* 4.2 Altitude

* 5 Barometers and atmospheric pressure calculations

* 6 Patents

* 7 See also

* 8 References

* 9 Further reading

History

Although Evangelista Torricelli is universally credited with inventing the barometer in 1643,[1][2][3] historical documentation also suggests Gasparo Berti, an...