Case Study: Lewis & Clark

1. The respiratory system and the cardiovascular system would primarily be affected by the rigorous exercise. I would expect Joe and Frank's respiratory rate and alveolar ventilation amount to increase as they continue their journey.

2. The manifestations Joe is experiencing are headaches, stiff knees, tense muscles, and dizziness.

3. Joe's symptoms could be explained by my answer to question #1 because when the cardiovascular system does not receive enough oxygen to oxygenate the blood, it cannot provide what is needed for the other parts of the body to function. This means that muscles and other parts of the body do not function properly.

1. The patient's values and the normal values are very relevant to this case because this allows the doctor to compare the values to check for abnormalities to diagnose the patient.

2. I can determine that Joe was not eating and/or drinking enough healthy fluids and he could be experiencing hyperventilation.

3. I would request information about Joe's tidal volume because this could help diagnose the problem whether it is in the respiratory and/or cardiovascular system.

My questions are:

a) Joe: Were you experiencing any type of stomach pains before you ate at the diner?

b) Frank: When did you begin to notice Joe's muscle fatigue?

c) Joe: How much water did you drink before you began riding and how much did you drink during your ride earlier today?

d) Frank: Did Joe always eat everything you ate? If not, what did he eat differently?

Frank: How many times a day did Joe eat these unhealthy foods?

e) Joe: Before you began riding on the first day, were you experiencing any problems with your breathing or were you experiencing abnormal heart beating?

1. I would diagnose Joe with Malnutrition.

2. Joe has not consumed enough calories plus some of the foods he is eating are unhealthy; therefore his condition could be defined as Malnutrition.