Submitted by: Submitted by pinkflower62
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Category: Other Topics
Date Submitted: 04/27/2014 08:08 PM
1. Classification
a. Groups based on evolutionary relationships
2. Phylogeny
b. Evolutionary history of species or group
c. Systematics- classifying relationships
3. Binomial Nomenclature
d. Species- basic unit of classification
e. Classification system by Carolus Linaeus
i. 2 part name
f. Genus + Specific Epithet
ii. i.e. Homo Sapiens
g. Rules
iii. Latin
iv. Genus species
v. Both names italicized or underlines
vi. Genus can be abbreviated
1. H. sapiens
vii. The genus is unique, species name not necessarily
4. Hierarchical system of classification
h. Species
i. Hierarchy
viii. Fig 26.3
ix. Taxon (pl- taxa)
2. Grouping of organisms at any level
x. Each level is more inclusive than the one below it
5. Phylogenic tree
j. Branching diagram
xi. To represent evolutionary history of a group
3. Patterns of descent
k. Allows hypotheses aout evolutionary relationships to be made
l. Should be depicted as a series of dichotomies
xii. 2 way branch points
m. Components
xiii. Branching point= node(where they split)
4. Divergence of 2 evolutionary lineages from a common ancestor
xiv. Sister taxa
5. Groups of organisms that share an immediate common ancestor
xv. Rooted tree
6. Has 1 branch point(usually to the lect)
a. Represents most recent common ancestor of all taxa on tree
xvi. Basal taxon
7. Lineage that diverges early in history of group
8. Lies on a branch that originates near common ancestor
xvii. Polytomy
9. Branch point where more than 2 decendant groups emerge
xviii. Extant species(not extinct)
10. At tips of branches
xix. Fig 26.4,...