Management Dynamic

Compulsory Module 3

Managing Change and Innovation

* Organisational change is any alterations in the people, structure or technology of an organisation.

* Characteristics of change

1. Constant yet varies in degree and direction

2. Produces Uncertainly but isn’t completely unpredictable

3. Creates both threats and opportunities

* Being able to manage change is integral of every manager’s job.

Forces for Change

External and Internal

ExternalMarketplaceGovernment laws and regulations Technology Labour Market Economic Changes | InternalChanges in strategies of organisation Workforce changes Technology and Equipment Changes Employee attitudes |

Change Agent: A person assuming responsibilities, acting as a catalyst for changing processes.

Types of Change Agents:

1. Managers: Internal Entrepreneurs

2. Non-Managers: Change Specialists

3. Outside consultants: Change Implementation/Application Experts

All interconnect and use each other’s knowledge.

Change Process Views:

1. The Calm Waters Metaphor

Lewin’s description of change process as a break in organisation’s equilibrium state

* Unfreezing the status quo (conditions)

* Change to a new state

* Refreezing to make change permanent

2. The ‘White-Water Rapids” Metaphor

Lack of environmental stability and predictability requires managers and organisations to continue adapt and manage change effectively to survive.

Categories of Change

1. Structure

Work Specialisation, departmentalisation, and chain of command, span of control, centralisation, formalisation, job redesign or actual structural design.

2. Technology

Work Processes, Methods and Equipment

3. People

Attitudes, expectations, perceptions and behaviour

Organisational Development Techniques-

More effective interpersonal work relationships

1. Sensitivity Training: Unstructured group interactions as a method of changing behaviour....