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Date Submitted: 02/13/2012 03:19 PM
9/6/11
Psycholinguistics: Week 2
* Allophones: do not occur in the same environment
(ex. Superman and Clark Kent never exist at the “same” time)
* Gradient vs. Categorical
* Gradient
* Gradability, comparison, dependence on a comparison class
* Categorical
* Discreteness: dead or alive, nothing in between
* Voice onset time (VOT)
* Perceiving VOT
* Step function on graph: discreteness exists (categorical perception)
* Categorical perception
* Mind imposes discrete, abstract categories which do not exist in the physical world.
* Lab 1:
* Email raw data files by 9/16/11 (4 files)
* Email write-up with data by 10/4/11
Experiment:
* Russian vs. Korean
* Three series of stops in Korean:
* Plain: pa, ta, ka
* Glottalized (tense/ejective): p’a, t’a, k’a
* Aspirated: 빠, 따, 까
* Intervocalic plain stop voicing
* 바보 (pabo), 그바보 (kwubabo)
* Categorical perception occurs in different linguistic environment for Koreans and Russians.
* Russians will show categorical discrimination (step function), Koreans won’t
* Korean for any combination of sounds their performance in discriminating Dah and Tah is pretty low.
* Magnetoencephalography
* Coils (super conducting magnetic fields)
* SQUID detectors measure brain magnetic fields around 100 billion times weaker than earth’s steady magnetic field.
* Measuring something that’s happening real-time in the brain.
* Mismatch response
* XXXXXYXXXXYXXXXXXYXXXYXXX…
* Whenever you have this kind of sequence of stimuli, then exposing to a different stimuli start to see deviation.
* Need to have the sequence for same categories for a while and then see something that’s perceptually different in order to see the deviation happen.
* Presentation of sounds that are very different VOT values
* Russians: ta vs. da...