Appendix Draft

Script Project

Learning Team C

COM 310

April 23, 2012

Deborah Vaughn

References

Brett, J. M., Olekalns, M., Friedman, R., Goates, N., Anderson, C., & Lisco, C. (2007). Sticks

and Stones: Language, Face, and Online Dispute Resolution. Academy of Management Journal, 50(1), 85-99. Doi:10.5465/AMJ.2007.24161853

Krolokke, C., & Scott, A. (2006). Gender Communication theories & Analyses: from Silence to Performance. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Oregon State University. (n.d.). Muted Group Theory. Retrieved from http://oregonstate.edu/instruct/theory/mutedgrp.html

Ting-Toomey, Stella. (2009). Intercultural Conflicts: A Face-Negotiation Theory. Retrieved

from http://www.nafsa.org/_/file_/theory_connections_facework.pdf

West, R. & Turner, L., (2004). Introducing Communication Theory: Analysis and Application.

Boston: McGraw-Hill

Appendix A: Face Negotiation Theory

Saving Face

Have you ever heard of the term saving face? According to sociologist Erving Goffman, 1967, face is the positive social worth that a person claims effectively for themselves during communication and contact with the public and others. The abstract idea of face has developed and been conceptualized gradually into two terms describing identity and ego. Professor Ting-Toomey argues face is a projected image of one’s self and the claim of self-respect in a relationship (2009). Ting-Toomey believes face is a universal concept because there are various representations of face in every culture (2009).

Developing the Theory

In 1985, Stella Ting-Toomey, a communications professor at California State Fullerton University developed face negotiation theory. In the 1980’s, strategies employed by collectivist cultures were often ignored or viewed as ineffective. However, Ting-Toomey continued to work on her theory and developed one of the few doctrines that expresses and recognizes how people from other cultures comprehend and administer conflict differently (West, Turner,...