Motivation

Question:

Write three definitions of Motivation & explain them. Also explain 2 or 3 theories of Motivation. Compare & contradict the theories of Motivation & give their managerial implications & conclusion.

Answer:

Introduction:

The term motivation has been derived from the word motive. Motive is anything that initiates or sustains activity. It is inner state that energizes, activates or moves & that directs or channels behavior towards goals. Motive is a psychological force within an individual that sets him in motion. Behind every human action is a motive.

Motivation results from the interactions among conscious and unconscious factors such as the

(1) Intensity of desire or need

(2) Incentive or reward value of the goal

(3) Expectations of the individual and of his or her significant others.

It involves the biological, emotional, social and cognitive forces that activate behavior. In everyday usage, the term motivation is frequently used to describe why a person does something. For example, you might say that a student is so motivated to get into a clinical psychology program that she spends every night studying.

Definitions:

* According to E.F.L.Brech,”Motivation is a general inspirational process which gets the members of the team to pull their weight effectively ,to give their loyalty to the group , to carry out properly the tasks that they accepted & generally to play an effective part in the job that the group has undertaken”

* According to Buford,Bedeian & Linder, “ motivation is a predisposition to behave in a purposive manner to achieve specific , unmet needs”.

* Abraham Maslow’s research and definition of motivation reveal a hierarchy of human needs that has to met before the individual could move to a higher level. His personal motivation would focus on these needs until they were met it.

The human priority is :

a) Physiological: hunger, thirst, bodily comforts, etc.;

b)...