Change in Tourism Environments

Changes in Tourism Environments

Senior Lecturer Teija Tekoniemi-Selkälä

25.3.2010

Rovaniemen ammattikorkeakoulu University of Applied Sciences

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Global Macro Forces

Geographical forces

Demographic forces

Climatic forces

Political forces Sociocultural forces

Environmental forces

RAMK / Teija Tekoniemi-Selkälä

Source: Ritchie & Crouch 2003

Global Macro Forces

• Climatic forces

– Climate change – who benefits? – Demand from cold to warm and vice versa

• Environmental forces

– – – – Wildlife habitat preservation Species diversity and protection, protection of vegetation Maintanance of water quality and aquatic biodiversity Use of pesticides and the quality of the food system

• Geographical forces

– Geographic frames for destinations are quite stable – Political changes;

• Disintegration of Soviet Union and Yugoslavia

– Technological changes;

• 1950ties the jet aircraft • now the space technology

RAMK / Teija Tekoniemi-Selkälä

Source: Ritchie & Crouch 2003

Global Macro Forces

• Demographic forces

– Demographic changes in Europe and other continents – differences between contintents

• Impact on especially on leisure travelling

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Sociocultural forces

– Only the history of destinations is unchangable – Under change; value systems - the expansion of Western values, the way of working, languages used in communication, food – fast food vs. slow food,

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Economic forces

– Local – national – global; which can be influenced and how much? – Shift to market economy, international exchange rates, interest rates, the world economy, the amount of savings of consumers in the banks, …

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Technological forces

– Broad understanding of technology; management of companies in general, logistical systems, computer reservation systems, Internet – How to keep up up-to-date both a hardware and software perspectives in destinations.

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Political forces

– Changes in political idealogies; fiscal (tax, finances...