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Queen Elizabeth House, University of Oxford
A History of Identities, Violence, and Stability in Nigeria
Eghosa E. Osaghae and Rotimi T. Suberu
CRISE WORKING PAPER No. 6
January 2005
Dr. Rotimi Suberu: Department of Political Science, University of Ibadan, Nigeria rtsuberu@skannet.com
Professor Eghosa E. Osaghae: Vice-Chancellor of Igbinedion University, Nigeria pefs@skannet.com
Centre for Research on Inequality, Human Security and Ethnicity, CRISE
Queen Elizabeth House, University of Oxford, 21 St Giles, OX1 3LA, UK
Tel: +44 1865 283078; Fax: +44 1865 273607; http://www.crise.ox.ac.uk/
CRISE Working Paper No. 6
Table of Contents
1. Introduction...............................................................................................................4
2. The Nature and Scope of Nigeria’s Identity Diversity................................................5
2.1 Ethnicity.............................................................................................................8
2.2 Religion...........................................................................................................10
2.3 Regionalism.....................................................................................................12
2.4 Class, Gender, and Youth...............................................................................13
3. Enduring Patterns of Pre-Colonial and Colonial Conflicts.......................................14
4. Patterns of Post-Colonial Identity Conflicts.............................................................17
4.1 Ethno-Religious Clashes.................................................................................19
4.2 Inter-Ethnic Violence.......................................................................................19
4.3 Intra-Ethnic and/or Intra-Religious Conflicts....................................................19
4.4 Inter-Group Economic...