Intrisic and Extrinsic Motivation

Introduction

The operation and effectiveness of a company are inseparable with its employees, so improving the productivity of these individuals is a crucial part of business management – which is the manager’s job. In this essay, this job will be explained in three parts by applying three motivational theories. These will be Herzberg’s Two-factor Theory, along with Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs and Vroom’s Expectancy Theory. Following this introduction, the next section will roughly explain what motivation and these theories are，after which the question will be carefully considered through not only the use of motivational theories but also through real samples and seeking out evidence from other sources.

Motivation and Motivational Models

“Motivation is concerned with the strength and direction of behaviour and the factors that influence people to behave in certain ways.” (Armstrong, 2012: 182) This implies that by affecting various factors, a manager can alter the engagement of workers in different ways.

The Two-factor Theory divided factors as hygiene factors that are external factors and motivator factors that are internal factors. The essay will follow this statement as a main clue. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs in five levels (physiological, safety, belongings, esteem, self-actualization) will be covered to give better ideas. The Expectancy Theory allows a manager to see employees as independent individuals and understand them better. (Montana and Charnov, 2008)

Employees Motivation using Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory

According to the Two-factor Theory, there are external and internal motivations. Thus, the question will be considered in these two dimensions. A manager can get people to do their best work by providing extrinsic or intrinsic rewards:

External Motivation

On the one hand, “External motivation refers to either extrinsic motivation that arises form the desire to gain an externally imposed reward, or...