Ap Biologyu

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Chapter 5: The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

Concept 5.1 Macromolecules are polymers, built from monomers 1. The large molecules of all living things fall into just four main classes. Name them. Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids 2. Circle the three classes that are called macromolecules. Define macromolecule. Carbohydrates, Proteins, Nucleic Acids Macromolecules are extremely large on the molecular scale, sometimes consisting of thousands of atoms. 3. What is a polymer? What is a monomer? A polymer is a long chain-like molecule, consisting of many similar or identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds. A monomer is a smaller molecule that serves as the building blocks of polymers. 4. Monomers are connected in what type of reaction? What occurs in this reaction? Monomers are connected in a dehydration reaction. During a dehydration reaction, two monomer molecules are covalently bonded to each other, with the loss of a water molecule. In this reaction, each monomer contributes part of the water molecule that is released during the reaction. This reaction is repeated as monomers are added to the chain one by one, making a polymer. 5. Large molecules (polymers) are converted to monomers in what type of reaction? Polymers are disassembled to monomers by hydrolysis, a process that is essentially the reverse of the dehydration reaction. 6. The root words of hydrolysis will be used many times to form other words you will learn this year. What does each root word mean? hydro– water lysis break

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Consider the following reaction: C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 C12H22O11 a. The equation is not balanced; it is missing a molecule of water. Write it in on the correct side of the equation. C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 C12H22O11 + H2O b. Polymers are assembled and broken down in two types of reactions: dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis. Which kind of...