Microbiology

Anti-Microbials and their source

Microorganism | Drug + additional notes |

Bacillus subtilis | Bacitracin: G(+), topical, nephrotoxic*doxycycline can be used for chronic renal disease*minocycline for acne & meningococcemia |

Bacillus polymyxa | Polymyxin |

Streptomyces nodosus | Amphotericin B |

Streptomyces noursei | Nystatin |

Streptomyces lincolnensis | Lincosamine |

Streptomyces orientalis | Vancomycin: for MRSA*Daptomycin for VRSA |

Streptomyces griseus | Streptomycin: vestibular toxicity w/ Gentamicin; 1st drug for TB |

Penicillium griseofulvum | Griseofulvin |

Gram (+) cocci arranged in clustersCatalase (+)Oxidase (-)Bacitracin-resistantLaboratory Identification * Coagulase Test * (+): S. aureus * Culture * Blood Agar Plate (BAP) * S. aureus white to yellow/ golden yellow colonies * S. epidermidis porcelain white colonies * Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) * S. aureus golden yellow colonies * Colistin-Nalidixic Acid (CNA) agar * (+) for gram (+) |

Staphylococcus aureus | Staphylococcus epidermidis | Staphylococcus saprophyticus |

* DNase (+) * Part of normal flora of skin * Antigenic structures * Teichoic acid * Protein A * Capsules (resistance to phagocytes) * Enzymes and toxins * Coagulase * Exfoliation → scaled skin syndrome * Hemolysin → RBC hemolysis * Enterotoxin → S. aureus-related food poisoning, toxic shock syndrom * Other diseases * Impetigo | * DNase (-) * Novobiocin-susceptible * Associated with bacterial endocarditis (prosthetic heart valves) and nosocomial infections * Opportunistic pathogen | * Coagulase (-) * DNase (-) * Novobiocin resistant * Non-hemolytic * Common cause of UTI * |

2. Streptococcus spp. |

Gram (+) cocciCatalase (-) |

Streptococcus pyogenes | Streptococcus agalactiae | Group D Streptococcus | Viridans Streptococcus | Streptococcus pneumonia/ Pneumococcus |...