P1- Explain the Principal Psychological Perspectives

Behaviorist perspectives:

The behaviorist principle is based on how we learn from the environment. Classical conditioning is learning through association and operant condition is learning through consequences. Classical conditioning was developed by Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936), who worked with dogs. They were 4 components that made up his experiment. Unconditioned stimuli (UCS), which refer to anything that naturally, has the power to produce a response in an organism. Unconditioned stimuli is one you would not learn to respond too. Unconditioned response (UCR) is a natural reflex response to unconditioned stimuli. Conditioned stimuli are that the neutral stimulus becomes the conditioned stimuli when it acquires the ability to produce a specific response in an organism. The conditioned response (CR) is a learn response to something that doesn’t naturally have the power to produce a response in an organism. He found that during his experiment a bell was presented repeatedly without food the dog would stop salivating, this was the unconditioned stimulus. When the bell was rung sometime later the dog will salivate a little. Dogs in the experiment would salivate to stimuli similar to the bell such as a doorbell. The dogs in the experiment would only salivate to a specific bell it had been conditioned too.

Skinner investigated operant conditioning to see how new behaviors can be learned. Skinner did an experiment using rats and used a skinner box. The skinner box had a lever which when pressed would release food and if every time rats did this it would be reinforcing their behavior and making them learn a new behavior. Also, they are two types of reinforcement: positive and negative reinforcement. Positive reinforcement is when a required behavior is rewarded with something pleasant as a result, this will strengthen the behavior. Negative reinforcement also strengthens behavior but involves something unpleasant being removed until required behavior is shown. Skinners...