Current State-of-the-Arts on Digital Signal Processing in Transport

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Current state-of-the-arts on Digital Signal processing in transport

Introduction

The last five years have experienced intense improvements in digital software, hardware and algorithms. The dramatic improvements are evident in the fact that digital signal processors have become a chief component of numerous products which use numerous hardware approaches for DSP implementation. The implementation of DSP in digital products ranges from the applications in off-the-shelf microprocessors, programmable gate arrays or FPGAs and custom integrated circuits or ICs. According to Rabaey, Gass, Broderson, Nishitani, and Chen(1998), recent programmable architectures in the field of digital signal processing is the move towards high-level language or HLL programming and customizable architectures. The move is driven by the existing gap between designer’s productivity and DSP increased complexity. As microprocessors, digital signal perform data manipulation and mathematical calculations and are characterized by real time digital signal processing competencies as data is processed in real time, high throughput, software re-programmability and deterministic operation. Despite appearing in the market in the early 1980s, DSP have numerous applications and have become key enabling technology for numerous electronics products in fields like automotive, instrumentation and military, multimedia and electronics products. Since the 1980s, DSPs have undergone extreme evolution namely in terms of hardware features, software development tools and integration. Hardware evolution occurred in two phases which are the development phase and the consolidation phase. The development phase took place until 1990 when DSP was characterized by fixed width instruction set. From 1990 to date, DSP hardware consolidation has seen development of parallel architectures, multiprocessing support, fewer manufacturers, specialized families and improved debug...