Biology

BIOLOGY 101 PRACTICE QUESTIONS Winter 2007

1. Define the following terms

reduction: The change in the atomic composition of an atom / molecule by adding hydrogen, losing oxygen, or gaining electrons.

diffusion: is a net transport of molecules from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration by random molecular motion.

gene: is the basic unit of heredity in a living organism

pigment:: also known simply as pigments or biochromes[citation needed] are substances produced by living organisms that have a color resulting from selective color absorption.

homeostasis: is the ability of an open system to regulate its internal environment to maintain a stable condition by means of multiple dynamic equilibrium adjustments controlled by interrelated regulation mechanisms.

2. What three organelles found in eukaryotic cells are surrounded by two membranes? What

other feature do they share?

3. Distinguish between active and passive transport. Active transport requires the cell to expend energy, while passive transport does not.

active transport requires ATP energy while passive transport doesn't.

4. Explain how the RER, SER, and the Golgi function together to produce glycoproteins that

will be packaged into vesicles and transported out of the cell.

5. Give the function of the following organelles.

nucleus: The nucleus is the information center for the cell and the storehouse of the genetic information (DNA) that directs all of the activities of a living eukaryotic cell. It is usually the largest organelle in a eukaryotic cell and contains the chromosomes.

chloroplast: Chloroplasts are the structural and functional units where photosynthesis takes place-the process whereby green plants use light energy for the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water, with oxygen released as a by-product. They contain the green pigment chlorophyll, which traps light energy...