Food Technology

Teenagers

After 4 years of age, a child's energy needs per kilogram of bodyweight are decreasing but the actual amount of energy (calories) required increases as the child gets older. From 5 years to adolescence, there is a period of slow but steady growth. Dietary intakes of some children may be less than recommended for iron, calcium, vitamins A and D and vitamin C, although in most cases deficiencies are unlikely, as long as the energy and protein intakes are adequate and a variety of foods, including fruit and vegetables, are eaten. Regular meals and healthy snacks that include carbohydrate-rich foods, fruits and vegetables, dairy products, lean meats, fish, poultry, eggs, legumes and nuts should contribute to proper growth and development without supplying excessive energy to the diet. Children need to drink plenty of fluids, especially if it is hot or they are physically active. Water is obviously a good source of liquid and supplies fluid without calories. Variety is important in children's diets and other sources of fluid such as milk and milk drinks, fruit juices and soft drinks can also be chosen to provide needed fluids.

Babies and toddlers

Majority of babies’ diet needs careful planning. Breast milk is the best source of nutrients, as it is a wholesome storehouse of vitamins, minerals, protein, calories, carbohydrate and fats. An array of enzymes that aid in digestion and assimilation are present. Antibodies are substances that aid in enhancing the immunity levels of the child. Risk of allergy is also reduced. As the child ages, the frequency of intake of breast milk by the infant gradually decreases. This is due to the increased intake in the quantity of milk. Water is an essential part of a baby’s diet, as it prevents constipation. Big pieces of candy, meat and nuts choke them. Sweets, carbonated beverages, tea and candies affect the appetite of the infant. Seasonings and salt are not recommended.

Childhood

At this life stage children are...