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Date Submitted: 07/18/2010 10:22 PM
Changes in Tourism Environments
Senior Lecturer Teija Tekoniemi-Selkälä
25.3.2010
Rovaniemen ammattikorkeakoulu University of Applied Sciences
1
Global Macro Forces
Geographical forces
Demographic forces
Climatic forces
Political forces Sociocultural forces
Environmental forces
RAMK / Teija Tekoniemi-Selkälä
Source: Ritchie & Crouch 2003
Global Macro Forces
• Climatic forces
– Climate change – who benefits? – Demand from cold to warm and vice versa
• Environmental forces
– – – – Wildlife habitat preservation Species diversity and protection, protection of vegetation Maintanance of water quality and aquatic biodiversity Use of pesticides and the quality of the food system
• Geographical forces
– Geographic frames for destinations are quite stable – Political changes;
• Disintegration of Soviet Union and Yugoslavia
– Technological changes;
• 1950ties the jet aircraft • now the space technology
RAMK / Teija Tekoniemi-Selkälä
Source: Ritchie & Crouch 2003
Global Macro Forces
• Demographic forces
– Demographic changes in Europe and other continents – differences between contintents
• Impact on especially on leisure travelling
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Sociocultural forces
– Only the history of destinations is unchangable – Under change; value systems - the expansion of Western values, the way of working, languages used in communication, food – fast food vs. slow food,
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Economic forces
– Local – national – global; which can be influenced and how much? – Shift to market economy, international exchange rates, interest rates, the world economy, the amount of savings of consumers in the banks, …
•
Technological forces
– Broad understanding of technology; management of companies in general, logistical systems, computer reservation systems, Internet – How to keep up up-to-date both a hardware and software perspectives in destinations.
•
Political forces
– Changes in political idealogies; fiscal (tax, finances...