Chemistry

1. Stereochemistry - the spatial arrangement of atoms and groups in a compound and its relation to the properties of the compound

2. Hybridization - the idea that atomic orbitals fuse to form newly hybridized orbitals, which in turn, influences molecular geometry and bonding properties.

3. C-Types

Primary carbon (1) – Carbon bonded to one other carbon

Secondary carbon (2) – carbon bonded to two other carbons

Tertiary carbon – carbon bonded to three other carbons

Quaternary carbon – carbon bonded to four other carbons

4. Intermediates - a short-lived, high energy, highly reactive molecule. n organic reactions the most common types of reactive intermediates are those arising from dissociative reactions, in which carbon has a decreased valence

* Carbocation

* Free-radical

* Carbanion

* Carbene

5. Functional groups - a group of atoms responsible for the characteristic behavior of the class of compounds in which the group occurs (see book for examples)

6. Electronegativity – tendency of an atom to attract electrons; increases as you go up the periodic table, and increases as you go towards the right;

7. Inductive effect – is exhibited by polar covalent bonds, causing the formation of partial positive and partial negative charges; withdrawal of electrons toward oxygen

8. Polarizablitiy – the ability of an atom to distribute its electron density unevenly in response to external influences. It is directly related to the size of the atom (and more specifically, the number of electrons that are distant from the nucleus)

9. Resonance – alternative lewis drawing/representation for molecules that cannot be represented by only one drawing/ structure.

10. Angle strain - Angle strain is the potential energy stored in a molecule due to the displacement of the bond angles from their equilibrium values.

11. Torsional strain - is steric strain that occurs when there are eclipsed or gauche interactions

12. Steric strain -...