Skeletal System

Chapter 7

Skeletal System

Part A

2. List four groups of bones based upon their shapes, and name an example from each group.

a. Long bones—Humerus and Femur

b. Short bones—Tarsals and Carpals

c. Flat bones—Scapula, Cranial Bones

d. Irregular bones—Vertebral column, Ear bones

3. Sketch a typical long bone, and label its epiphyses, diaphysis, medullary cavity, periosteum, and articular cartilages.

On diagram that we drew and labeled.

4. Distinguish between spongy and compact bone.

Spongy bone is lighter than compact bone due to the spaces that appear between multiple bony plates. Compact bone on the other hand is made up of tissues compressed together therefore solidifying the tissues making the bone less susceptible to bend. Explain how central canals and perforating canals are related.

Central canals are surrounded by loose connective tissue and contain few blood vessels and a nerve that provide nourishment to the bone cells in the osteonic canals whereas Perforating canals house larger blood vessels and nerves and provide communication to the surface of the bone and medullary cavity from the osteonic canals.

5. Explain how the development of intramembranous bone differs from that of endochondral bone.

Intramembranous bones are flat bones that develop from layers of connective tissue. The osteoblasts then deposit tissue around them and eventually form osteocytes in the lacunae. These cells then give rise to the periosteum. Endochondral bones develop a hyaline cartilage that eventually develops into bone due to ossification and the appearance of the periosteum. Distinguish between osteoblasts and osteocytes.

6. Distinguish between osteocytes and osteoblasts

Osteocytes are bone cells that are located in the middle of the matrix while osteoblasts create bone cells such as the osteocytes.

7. Explain the function of an epiphyseal plate.

The epiphyseal plate is located near the epiphyses of the bone...