Human Ev Review

Primate Table. Anth 150.

Group Lemuridae Example Species Lemurs, Sifakas, Indriids Lorises & Galagos Tarsiers Range Madagascar Africa, SE Asia SE Asia Dental 2:1:3:3 2:1:3:3 Dental Comb Diet Social Other Post-Orbital Bar, Grooming Claw Most Nocturnal (big lemurs diurnal)

Fruit & Female dominant Leaves Groups, Pairs Insects, fruit Solitary or small groups Pairs. Pairs. Female Dominant. Twins. Paternal care

Loridae

Tarsioidea

2:1:3:3 1:1:3:3 Insects Gum, Insects, Fruit

PO Closure, no tapetum

Marmosets & Tamarins Ceboidea (N.W.M.) Capuchins Howler Monkeys Cercopithecines Cercopithecoidea (O.W.M.)

Baboons Macaques Mangabeys…

2:1:3:2 South America 2:1:3:2 (into Central America)

Claws

Fruit Groups 2:1:3:3 2:1:3:3 Leaves & Male Dominant Fruit Fruit & Leaves

Tool Use: Capuchins Prehensile tails Ischial Callosities Cheek Pouches

Africa & Asia Colobines

Colobus Langurs Proboscis

2:1:2:3 2:1:2:3 Seeds & Leaves

Groups Male Dominant Marked Dimorphism

Sacculated Stomachs

Gibbons

SE Asia

Fruit

Pairs, Monomorphic

Sing. True Brachiators. Territorial. Quadrumanus. Cheek Flanges. Secondary Males. Highly Dimorphic. Knucklewalking. Highly Dimorphic. Silverback males. Male Dominant. Territorial. Knucklewalking. Hunting. Male hierarchy. Moderately dimorphic. Agonistic interaction is common

Orangutans

Borneo & Sumatra

Fruit

Solitary

Gorillas

Africa 2:1:2:3 2:1:2:3

One Male Leaves & Several Females Fruit & Bachelor Groups Multi-M Multi-F Fission/Fusion Multi-M Multi-F

Hominoidea Chimpanzees Africa

Fruit

Bonobos

Africa

Fruit

Female Dominant (female alliances). Knucklewalking. Moderately dimorphic. Fission/Fusion Sex as Interaction. Egalitarian. Often polygamous. Food sharing. Central Place Foraging. No canine dimorphism. Cooking. Bipedal.

Humans (foragers)

Everywhere

Fruit, Tubers, Meat