Provisional Government-Study Notes

Introduction

The provisional government was formed during the February 1917 revolution. Tsar Nicholas ordered the dissolution of the Duma and was defied by twelve members who formed a provisional committee. When Nicholas abdicated the throne on 2 March, the provisional committee became the provisional government.

The provisional government ruled Russia alongside the Petrograd Soviet of Soldiers', Sailors' and Workers' Deputies'. An uneasy alliance formed between the provisional government and the Petrograd Soviet.

The provisional government represented the interests of the middle class and the Duma. It aimed to preserve and bring order to society. The Petrograd Soviet represented the interests and rights of the workers. The Petrograd Soviet wanted to continue the revolution.

The provisional government was led by Prince Georgy L'vov. He acted as prime minister of Russia from 23 March to 7 July 1917. Paul Miliukov was minister of foreign affairs and Alexander Kerensky was minister of justice. These three men played a major role in determining the future of Russia in 1917.

Post-revolution problems: World War I and land distribution

The most pressing issue in Russia following the February revolution was the war. The provisional government was placed in a difficult position.

The provisional government needed to continue fighting in the war to receive supplies and support from Russia's European allies. Tsar Nicholas had left Russia bankrupt and the provisional government needed funds to resolve Russia's economic and social problems.

Russia was not, however, able to continue the war. Russia's economy and industrial sector were damaged. The railways had not recovered from the breakdown in 1916. There was not enough food to send to the troops abroad. The soldiers were suffering from low morale and had mutinied during the February revolution.

In June, a major Russian offensive was launched. It failed within weeks, leading to further desertions among the...