Bio Review

General Biology

Exam I Review Sheet

Chapters 1-6

Chapter 1

• Hierarchy of life

Biosphere

Ecosystem

Community (all organisms and nonliving factors)

Population

Organisms

Organ systems

Tissues

Cells

Organelles

Molecules

• 3 domain system

o Eukaria: protists, plants, fungi, animals

o Bacteria: eubacteria

o Archaea archaebacteria

• prokaryotic versus eukaryotic cells

Prokaryotic: simpler and smaller cells

no membrance bound organelles, all single celled

Eukaryotic: more advanced / complex cells, true nucleus, membrane bound organelles, mostly multicelled

• How organism are named (binomial system) and categorized (domain, kingdom phylum etc….)

o Domain

o Kingdom

o Phylum

o Class

o Order

o Family

o Genus

o Species

• How organisms get their energy – chemotrophs, phototrophs

Chemotrophs: get energy from another source

Chemoorganitroph: organic chemicals for energy (glucose, fructose, sucrose)

Chemolithotrophs: inorgranic chemicals for energy (iron, sulfur)

Phototrophs: get energy from sun to make ATP

Chapter 2

• Different types of chemical bonds

o Covalent bonds: strongest chemical bond, equally shared electrons (inner shell)

o Ionic bonds: not as strong as covalent, need to fill outer shells

o Hydrogen bonds: weakest bonds

• Why is water so important

Chapter 3

• What we mean by the terms monomer and polymer,

Monomer: single subunit

Polymer: a chain of monomers (macromolecules)

• What are carbohydrates? Their monomers and polymers/Their functions/Examples of mono and disaccharides/The different...