Human Nutrition Final Review Guide

1) Module 6

a) definition and protein-related reason for edema – kwashiorkor is a form of protein energy malnutrition. Occurs primarily in young children with existing disease, poor energy consumption, an inadequate protein intake. Child exhibits edema. Edema is defined as a condition characterized by an excess of watery fluid collecting in the cavities or tissues of the body.

b) building blocks of proteins – amino acids are the building blocks of protein fuck I can’t type

c) nitrogen makes proteins different (unique) from fat and carbs – unlike the other fuels, amino acids contain nitrogen. The basic structure common to all amino acids is an amino group. The nitrogen component makes proteins unique.

d) meaning of essential when speaking of amino acids and main characteristic of foods that would allow you suspect they are a complete protein – foods are a complete protein if they provide all 9 of the EAAs. An essential/indispensable amino is an amino that a person must have from food because the body cannot synthesize them in sufficient quantities to meet physiological needs.

e) course of action in body if do not consume all essentials – if all 2- aminos are not present, the protein needed will not be made. This can be especially serious if the owner of the cells is a child as it stunts growth. All EAAs must be available at time of synthesis or none can be used. Acid shortest in supply with respect to needs is known as the limiting amino acid.

f) how is nitrogen excreted when we use protein carbon skeleton – Deamination? (removal of amino group NH2 from the acid laving C H and O components) Can occur to an amino acid in the liver. The skeletons can be recycled and made into new nonessential amino acids with modification of the skeleton and replacement of the nitrogen group by the process called transamination. NH2 (amino group) eventually deaminated further in liver and excreted in urine (the liver converts toxic ammonia...