Marriage

Name: Mark Joseph L. Flores Date Begun: December 7, 2015

Section: 2- ME Date Finished: December 7, 2015

Assignment #2

CLONING

Cloning describes the processes used to create an exact genetic replica of another cell, tissue or organism are describe a number of different processes that can be used to produce genetically identical copies of a biological entity.

Using specialized DNA technology to produce multiple exact copies of a single gene or other segment of DNA to obtain enough material for further study. This process, used by researchers in the Human Genome Project, is referred to as cloning DNA A. The resulting cloned (copied) collections of DNA molecules are called clone libraries. A second type of cloning exploits the natural process of cell division to make many copies of an entire cell. The genetic makeup of these cloned cells, called a cell line, is identical to the original cell. A third type of cloning produces complete, genetically identical animals such as the famous Scottish sheep, Dolly A.

There are three different types of cloning:

* Gene cloning- which creates copies of genes or segments of DNAextracted from an organism. When DNA is extracted from an organism, all of its genes are extracted at one timewhich contains thousands of different genes.

* Reproductive cloning-is the production of a genetic duplicate of an existing organism. A human clone would be a genetic copy of an existing person.

* Therapeutic cloning- involves creating a cloned embryo for the sole purpose of producing embryonic stem cells with the same DNA as the donor cell. These stem cells can be used in experiments aimed at understanding disease and developing new treatments for disease.

History

* 1938 – the first idea of cloning: Hans Spemann proposes a “fantastic experiment” to replace the nucleus of an egg cell with the nucleus of another cell and to grow an embryo from such an egg.

* 1952 – an attempt to clone a Ranapipiens frog: Robert Briggs and...