Review Sheet Endocrine

REVIEW SHEET

EXERCISE 4

Endocrine System Physiology

NAME:

1. Match each of the hormones in the left hand column with its source.

__B___ thyroxine a. ovary

__A__ estrogen b. thyroid gland

__D__ thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) c. pancreas

__C__ insulin d. pituitary gland

2. Each hormone is known to have a specific target tissue. For each of the following hormones, list its target tissue and describe its specific action.

thyroxine - Critical component in maintaining metabolism and body heat. Secreted by the thyroid gland , located in the neck. Also called tetraiodothyronine or T4.

estrogen – Female sex hormones. The female sex hormones regulate the menstrual cycle, maintain pregnancy, and prepare the mammary glands for lactation. During pregnancy, the ovaries and placenta produce a peptide hormone called relaxin, which increases the flexibility of the pubic symphysis during pregnancy and helps dilate the uterine cervix during labor and delivery.

thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) – TSH is carried by the blood to the thyroid gland (its target tissue) and causes the thyroid to produce more thyroxine.

insulin - Insulin is produced by the B-cells of the endocrine portion of the pancreas. It helps glucose move into cells, especially muscle and liver cells, which lowers blood glucose level when it is too high.

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) – In females, initiates development of oocytes and induces secretion of estrogens by the ovaries. In males, stimulates testes to produce sperm.

3. What is the role of the hypothalamus in the production of thyroxine and TSH? The hypothalamus controls the pituitary gland. This small region of the brain is the major link between the nervous and endocrine systems. Cells in the hypothalamus synthesize at least nine hormones, and the pituitary gland secretes seven. Together, these hormones play important roles in regulation of virtually all aspects of growth, development,...