Pag-Aaral Ng Mga Scopes O Problem

Hematology is the branch of medicine that is involved in the study of the blood, and the organs that distribute the blood. The study also includes the diseases of blood.

Procalcitonin (PCT) is a part of the blood that affects the levels of calcium in the body. The levels of PCT in the blood are a useful way of monitoring the onset of various diseases such as pneumonia and sepsis.

The platelet distribution width (PDW) is a useful indicator as to whether somebody has certain diseases such as thromboembolic diseases. The PDW is measured and the higher the width, the more likely that these diseases are present.

The mean platelet volume (MPV) is a measurement of the average size of the platelets in the blood. The MPV is higher when platelets are being destroyed and this can be seen in Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP). ITP affects the body's ability to clot blood and can lead to severe bruising when the platelet count is too low. The average platelet count should be between 150 and 400, and if it is lower than 100, it is advised that operations do not take place as the blood can clot too much, leading to severe complications.

Red blood cell distribution width is the measure of the red blood cells. This is done to ascertain certain disorders such as anemia. This is caused by a deficiency of iron and vitamin B12.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

A GSW is caused by a missile propelled by combustion of powder. These wounds involve high-energy transfer and, consequently, can involve an unpredictable pattern of injuries. Secondary missiles, such as bullet and bone fragments, can inflict additional damage. Military and hunting firearms have higher missile velocity than handguns, resulting in even higher energy transfer.

In penetrating abdominal trauma due to gunshot wounds, the most commonly injured organs are as follows[1] :

* Small bowel (50%)

* Colon (40%)

* Liver (30%)

* Abdominal vascular structures (25%)

The image below is of a patient who...